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Cavarretta, Elena, Sciarra, Luigi, Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe, Maffessanti, Francesco, Nigro, Antonia, Sperandii, Fabio, Guerra, Emanuele, Quaranta, Federico, Fossati, Chiara, Peruzzi, Mariangela, Pingitore, Annachiara, Stasinopoulos, Dimitrios, Rigby, Robert A., Adorisio, Rachele, Saglietto, Andrea, Calò, Leonardo, Frati, Giacomo and Pigozzi, Fabio (2022) Age-related electrocardiographic characteristics of male junior soccer athletes. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 8 (784170). ISSN 2297-055X
Very limited data exist on normal age-related ECG variations in adolescents and no data have been published regarding the ECG anomalies induced by intensive training, which are relevant in pre-participation screening for sudden cardiac death prevention in the adolescent athletic population. The purpose of this study was to establish normal age-related electrocardiographic measurements (P wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, QT, and QTc interval) grouped according to 2-year age intervals. A total of 2,151 consecutive healthy adolescent Soccer athletes (trained for a mean of 7.2 ± 1.1 h per week, 100% male Caucasians, mean age 12.4 ± 1.4 years, range 7-18) underwent pre-participation screening, which included ECG and transthoracic echocardiography in a single referral center. Their heart rate progressively slowed as age increased ( < 0.001, ranging from 80.8 ± 13.2 to 59.5 ± 10.2 bpm), as expected. The P wave, PR interval, and QRS duration significantly increased in older age classes ( = 0.019, = 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively), and after Bonferroni's correction, the difference remained significant in all age classes for QRS duration. The QTc interval diminished progressively with increasing age ( = 0.003) while the QT interval increased progressively ( < 0.001). Significant variations in the normal ECG characteristics of young athletes exist between different age groups related to increasing age and training burden, thus, age-specific reference values could be adopted, as already done for echocardiographic measurements, and may help to further discriminate potentially pathologic conditions.
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