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Roostaei, Davoud, Rezazadeh, S., Sharafi, S. and White, Kenneth (2016) Anti-diabetic and pharmacological activities, of phytoestrogens. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 15 (59). pp. 145-151. ISSN 1684-2010
Isoflavones class of phytoestrogens including, genestein, daidzein and formononetin found in human dietary and show wide range of biological effect. In this study the impact of these phytoestrogens on glucose uptake was investigated in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells), using, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3- diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose and Omega FluoStar plate reader. Incubation of cells (104/ml, in 24 well plate at 37 °C in 5% CO2 / air) with three phytoestrogens at concentration of 10-4 M to 10-9M in two studies mood, short term treatment (one hour) and long term treatment (24 hours) revealed, daidzein stimulates uptake of glucose, with a greater effect after a short treatment of one hour compared with treatment 24 hours. The effect was broadly higher at the lower concentrations tried, 1 μM to 1nM, at which glucose uptake was increased four to five fold after a one hour treatment. Interestingly the higher concentrations tried, 10 and 100 μM, showed less effect. Longer treatments resulted in a lesser stimulation of glucose uptake, and a peak effect was found at 0.1 μM. genestein exerted slightly inhibitory effect after one hour treatment compared with control, with the exception of treatment at 1 μM, which stimulated uptake about three-fold compared with control. Longer treatments with 10-4M to 10-6 M genistein resulted in gradual increase in glucose uptake to 2.4 times more than control, and thereafter a decline. Overall there was significant difference in glucose uptake between short and long term treatments, as indicated by two-way ANOVA, but the differences depend on the concentration of genistein, with higher concentrations of 10 and 100 μM inducing greater uptake after 24 hours treatment but at lower concentrations, uptake was stimulated more after a one hour treatment. A short treatment with formononetin inhibited glucose uptake, while longer treatments had variable effects, with an approximately two fold stimulation across a range of concentrations.HepG2 cells showed a significant increase in glucose uptake after treatment with phytoestrogens compared to the control.
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