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Zhao, Shuang, Zhang, Xianhong, Yan, Zhitao, Zhang, Xueqin, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Haoxiang and Wang, Xiaosong (2025) Development of design wind load calculation for transmission towers: accounting for cross-arm and diaphragm effects. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics: 2650411. ISSN 1793-6764
Wind-induced vibration of cross-arms constitutes a critical consideration in the wind-resistant design of transmission towers (TTs). However, the current codes and standards for TTs worldwide fail to adequately account for the impact of cross-arms and diaphragms on design wind loads (DWLs). To develop DWLs for TTs, a structured calculation framework was proposed to improve the wind-induced vibration coefficient [Formula: see text], which is a key parameter for DWLs. Based on the effective static load distribution (ESLD) method, the DWL formulae of uniformly-shaped TTs were derived in the frequency domain. By introducing a series of correction coefficients, refinement from a simplified model to a practical computational model of TTs is achieved step by step, thereby determining the DWL for TTs with cantilevered cross-arms. Nonlinear fitting and tabulation simplified complex integrals in parameter [Formula: see text], enhancing applicability of DWLs. The derived DWLs were verified through time domain analysis employing a finite element model representing an actual TT. Parametric analyses were conducted to determine the influence of cross-arms and diaphragms on the DWLs for TTs. The results indicate that cross-arms play a major role in influencing [Formula: see text], mainly due to their resonant component of equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs), whereas diaphragms contribute minimally to these parameters. Diaphragms have minimal influence on DWLs in approximate calculations.
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