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Chryssogelos, Angelos, Busby, Ethan, Hawkins, Kirk, Hawkins, Eliza, Littvay, Levente and Wiesehomeier, Nina (2023) The ideational approach. In: The ideational approach to populism: consequences and mitigation. Routledge. (In Press)
Recent events highlight how populism threatens and challenges liberal democracy; however, scholarship on populism’s consequences and how these can be mitigated is still lacking. In this Introduction, we extend the ideational approach to understanding populism’s consequences and their mitigation. We first summarize the ideational approach to populism, comparing it to other prominent approaches. We then formulate an ideational theory of populism’s consequences, emphasizing the endogenous nature of populist ideas in how actors view the world and formulate their preferences. We specify our ideational argument with respect to populism’s impact on three levels: national political institutions, individual beliefs, and international relations and foreign policy. At all three levels, we argue that populism has a distinct impact that hinges on the intensity of populist beliefs of actors, particularly when these are in power. We juxtapose this impact with the influence of other factors such as the host ideology of populists, as well as the allegedly moderating effect of institutions. These findings lead us to suggest how the negative effects of populism can be mitigated, where we emphasize the need for improved democratic representation and respectful communication among citizens and between citizens and politicians. We close with an outline of the book.
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