Frost, Christian W. (2024) Orientations of the divine in medieval urbanism. In: Matrice et signum: fonctions et usages de la croix dans la culture du Moyen Âge. Passages Online . arthistoricum.net, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 351-374. ISBN 9783985011506; e-ISBN: 9783985011490
Many contemporary descriptions of twelfth and thirteenth-century medieval urban landscapes focus on characteristics of geometry, alignment and perspective (including the impression of crosses) that are derived more from later ideas of reason and perspectivity than from the cultural conditions of the Middle Ages. Using textual references, observations, and analytical drawings, this chapter argues that during the medieval period a broader understanding of orientation was exercised. This more complex interpretation of orientation included aspects of temporality, place, and order, and was most commonly revealed through the enactment of processions and parades.
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