Goh, Shan and Inal, Jameel Malhador (2024) Membrane vesicles of clostridioides difficile and other clostridial species. In: Updates on Clostridioides difficile in Europe. Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 18 (1435). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 315-327. ISBN 9783031421082
Membrane vesicles are secreted by growing bacterial cells and are important components of the bacterial secretome, with a role in delivering effector molecules that ultimately enable bacterial survival. Membrane vesicles of Clostridioides difficile likely contribute to pathogenicity and is a new area of research on which there is currently very limited information. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on membrane vesicle formation, content, methods of characterization and functions in Clostridia and model Gram-positive species.
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