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Hallott, Amanda Jane (2011) Blood cell fatty acids of pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): the influence of vitamin E supplementation alongside omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, in vitro, on LCPUGA incorporation into phospholipids and metabolism. Doctoral thesis, London Metropolitan University.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) women have reduced AA and DHA within maternal and fetal phospholipids from erythrocytes and plasma. We investigated the fatty acid compositions of platelets and mononuclear cells in GDM and T2DM pregnancy. We also studied the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte and plasma phospholids during the first trimester of T2DM pregnancy. T2DM displayed higher 20:3n-6 (p<0.01), LA {p<0.05) and 16:DMA (p<0.05) within platelets. GDM women had reduced ΣSAFAs (p<0.001) and increased LA (p<0.05), ΣMUFAs (p<0.005), Σn-6 (p<0.05) and Σn-6 metabolites (p<0.05) in platelets and reduced ΣSAFAs (p<0.05) in mononuclear cells. During the first trimester T2DM women displayed reduced c18:1OMA (p<0.05) within erythrocyte PE. Within erythrocyte PC oleic acid (p<0.05) decreased alongside increases in AA (p<0.05) and Σn-6 metabolites (p<0.05) within T2DM pregnancy. There were no changes in AA or DHA within platelets or mononuclear cells of T2DM or GDM women.
Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and is routinely included within PUFA supplements to prevent peroxidation.However, it has not been established whether vitamin E directly affects the incorporation and/or metabolism of PUFAs. We investigated the in vitro affects of vitamin E on LCPUFA incorporation and metabolism into oligodendroglia (OLN-93) and hepatocyte (Hep-G2) cell membranes, with a focus on Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase expression. Vitamin E alone significantly increased AA (p 0.05) incorporation into OLN-93 PC whilst reducing EPA (p 0.05) and increasing 22:5n-3 (p 0.05) into OLN-93 PE. Additional vitamin E (40µM) alongside 10µM AA, EPA or DHA increased AA (p 0.05) and 22:Sn-3 (p 0.05) uptake further in PC, with further reductions in EPA (p 0.05). Reduced EPA alongside increased 22:5n-3 may suggest increased conversion. However, the analysis of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase levels in the presence of vitamin E alongside excess precursor (LA or ALA) showed no evidence of upregulation.
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