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Zakeri, Hassan, Moradi, Gholamreza, Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Virdee, Bal Singh, See, Chan Hwang and Koziel, Slawomir (2026) Wideband high-gain mm-wave MIMO antenna design for 5G IoT applications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. pp. 1-21. ISSN 2327-4662
A compact four-port (2 × 2) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) microstrip MIMO antenna front-end is presented for 5G New Radio (NR) Internet of Things (IoT) edge and aerial connectivity in the FR2 bands. Rather than serving as a standalone electromagnetic structure, the proposed design targets short- to medium-range IoT gateway and UAV-assisted deployment scenarios where front-end hardware performance directly governs achievable link reliability and coverage. The antenna integrates a flower-shaped radiator with an evolved defected ground structure (DGS) combining a circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), rotated rectangular slots, and cross-elliptical slots to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth, high realized gain, and strong inter-element isolation without multilayer superstrates or external decoupling networks. Fabricated on a 0.508-mm-thick Rogers RT/Duroid®5880 substrate with an overall footprint of 37.7 × 37.7 mm2, the antenna covers the 5G NR n258 (24.25-27.50 GHz) and n257 (26.50-29.50 GHz) bands, providing an aggregate impedance bandwidth of approximately 13.5 GHz. Measured results demonstrate a peak realized gain of 9.8 dBi, average gain of approximately 8.7 dBi across the operating band, radiation efficiency between 85%-88%, and inter-port isolation exceeding 26 dB. Excellent MIMO performance is achieved with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.002, diversity gain close to 10 dB, and low channel capacity loss. Beyond antenna characterization, a deployment-oriented link-budget analysis grounded in measured gain and efficiency, together with large-scale path loss modeling, is performed to translate the validated hardware performance into achievable link margins under realistic FR2 propagation conditions. The results confirm that the proposed MIMO front-end provides sufficient link feasibility for compact, high-capacity 5G mm-wave IoT edge devices operating in dense and aerial deployment environments.
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
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