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Hamza, Musa N., Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Islam, Mohammad Tariqul, Lavadiya, Sunil, Din, Iftikhar Ud, Sanches, Bruno, Koziel, Slawomir, Naqvi, Syeda Iffat, Ouameur, Messaoud Ahmed, Panda, Abinash, Farmani, Ali, Virdee, Bal Singh, Mezache, Zinelabiddine and Islam, Md. Shabiul (2026) High-sensitivity nanometamaterial near-infrared biosensor for label-free early cancer detection via exosomal biomarkers. Applied Optics, 65 (1). pp. 39-54. ISSN 1559-128X
This study presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, ultra-wideband nano biosensor based on a double negative (DNG) metamaterial perfect absorber for early cancer detection through exosomal biomarker analysis. Our biosensor operates across a broad frequency range from 70 THz to 3 PHz, exhibiting near-unity absorption, i.e., exceeding 99%, and angular and polarization insensitivity, i.e., providing polarization-independent absorption across the full spectrum of polarization angles (0 to 90 degrees), ensuring stable performance under both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized waves. Of particular interest is its performance in the near infrared (NIR) region (70–400 THz), where the sensor’s DNG characteristics manifest through simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, enhancing field confinement and sensitivity. This spectral window is especially conducive to label-free, non-invasive detection of circulating exosomes, critical indicators of early stage oncogenesis. The sensor is constructed using a tri-layer metal–insulator–metal (MIM) architecture comprising nickel (Ni) layers and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) dielectric spacer. The design leverages the plasmonic and thermal stability properties of Ni and the low optical attenuation of SiO2 to achieve optimal absorption and structural robustness. Electromagnetic simulations demonstrate strong electric and magnetic resonances, producing significant near-field enhancements. These improve the detection of subtle dielectric changes associated with exosomal binding events. The sensor maintains high absorption efficiency across oblique incidence angles and various polarization states, making it suitable for real-world biomedical diagnostic applications. By focusing on the NIR regime where tissue transparency and molecular vibrational modes intersect, the proposed biosensor enables the discrimination between cancer-derived exosomes and their normal counterparts, as confirmed through spectral.
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
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