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An antenna array utilizing slotted conductive slab: inspired by metasurface and defected ground plane techniques for flexible electronics and sensors operating in the millimeter‑wave and terahertz spectrum

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Ali, Esraa Mousa, Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Virdee, Bal Singh, Kouhalvandi, Lida, Livreri, Patrizia and Falcone, Francisco (2023) An antenna array utilizing slotted conductive slab: inspired by metasurface and defected ground plane techniques for flexible electronics and sensors operating in the millimeter‑wave and terahertz spectrum. Applied Sciences, 5 (12) (345). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2523-3971

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Abstract

This paper describes an innovative design of an antenna array that is metamaterial inspired using sub-wavelength slots and defected ground structure (DGS) for operation over millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) spectrum. The proposed antenna array consists of a 2 × 4 array of conductive boxes on which are implemented rectangular slots. The presence of dielectric slots introduces resonant modes within the structure. These resonant modes result in enhancing the electromagnetic fields within the slots, which radiate energy into free space. The resonant frequencies and radiation patterns depend on the specific geometry of the slots and the dielectric properties. The antenna array is excited through a single microstrip line. The radiating elements in the array are interconnected to each other with a microstrip line. Unwanted mutual coupling between the radiating elements can degrade the performance of the antenna. This was mitigated by defecting the ground plane with rectangular slots. It is shown that this technique can enhance the array’s reflection coefficient over a wider bandwidth. The array was constructed on polyimide substrate having dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 20 μm. The design was modelled, and its performance verified using an industry standard electromagnetic package by CST Studio Suite. The proposed array antenna has dimensions of 20mm × 10mm and operates between 80 and 200 GHz for radiation gain better than 4 dBi and efficiency above 55%. The peak radiation gain and efficiency are 7.5 dBi and 75% at 91 GHz, respectively. The operational frequency range of the array corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 85.71%.

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